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A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

A symmetric graph is a graph that is both edge- and vertex-transitive (Holton and Sheehan 1993, p. 209). However, care must be taken with this definition since arc-transitive ...

The AC method is an algorithm for factoring quadratic polynomials of the form p(x)=Ax^2+Bx+C with integer coefficients. As its name suggests, the crux of the algorithm is to ...

A real number that is b-normal for every base 2, 3, 4, ... is said to be absolutely normal. As proved by Borel (1922, p. 198), almost all real numbers in [0,1) are absolutely ...

The lines connecting the vertices and corresponding circle-circle intersections in Malfatti's problem coincide in a point X_(179) called the first Ajima-Malfatti point ...

Apéry's constant is defined by zeta(3)=1.2020569..., (1) (OEIS A002117) where zeta(z) is the Riemann zeta function. Apéry (1979) proved that zeta(3) is irrational, although ...

In most computer programs and computing environments, the precision of any calculation (even including addition) is limited by the word size of the computer, that is, by ...

An arithmetic series is the sum of a sequence {a_k}, k=1, 2, ..., in which each term is computed from the previous one by adding (or subtracting) a constant d. Therefore, for ...

The associated Stirling numbers of the first kind d_2(n,k)=d(n,k) are defined as the number of permutations of a given number n having exactly k permutation cycles, all of ...

A Banach space is a complete vector space B with a norm ||·||. Two norms ||·||_((1)) and ||·||_((2)) are called equivalent if they give the same topology, which is equivalent ...