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A knot property, also called the twist number, defined as the sum of crossings p of a link L, w(L)=sum_(p in C(L))epsilon(p), (1) where epsilon(p) defined to be +/-1 if the ...

sum_(n=0)^(infty)[(q)_infty-(q)_n] = g(q)+(q)_inftysum_(k=1)^(infty)(q^k)/(1-q^k) (1) = g(q)+(q)_inftyL(q) (2) = g(q)+(q)_infty(psi_q(1)+ln(1-q))/(lnq) (3) = ...

A zonotope is a set of points in d-dimensional space constructed from vectors v_i by taking the sum of a_iv_i, where each a_i is a scalar between 0 and 1. Different choices ...

D_q=1/(1-q)lim_(epsilon->0)(lnI(q,epsilon))/(ln(1/epsilon),) (1) where I(q,epsilon)=sum_(i=1)^Nmu_i^q, (2) epsilon is the box size, and mu_i is the natural measure. The ...

The exponential function has two different natural q-extensions, denoted e_q(z) and E_q(z). They are defined by e_q(z) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)(z^n)/((q;q)_n) (1) = _1phi_0[0; ...

The series h_q(-r)=sum_(n=1)^infty1/(q^n+r) (1) for q an integer other than 0 and +/-1. h_q and the related series Ln_q(-r+1)=sum_(n=1)^infty((-1)^n)/(q^n+r), (2) which is a ...

A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers a, b, and c such that a right triangle exists with legs a,b and hypotenuse c. By the Pythagorean theorem, this is ...

A factorization algorithm which works by expressing N as a quadratic form in two different ways. Then N=a^2+b^2=c^2+d^2, (1) so a^2-c^2=d^2-b^2 (2) (a-c)(a+c)=(d-b)(d+b). (3) ...

Also known as the difference of squares method. It was first used by Fermat and improved by Gauss. Gauss looked for integers x and y satisfying y^2=x^2-N (mod E) for various ...

A factor is a portion of a quantity, usually an integer or polynomial that, when multiplied by other factors, gives the entire quantity. The determination of factors is ...