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In Note M, Burnside (1955) states, "The contrast that these results shew between groups of odd and of even order suggests inevitably that simple groups of odd order do not ...

The probability that a random integer between 1 and x will have its greatest prime factor <=x^alpha approaches a limiting value F(alpha) as x->infty, where F(alpha)=1 for ...

A proper ideal I of a ring R is called semiprime if, whenever J^n subset I for an ideal J of R and some positive integer, then J subset I. In other words, the quotient ring ...

A star polygon-like figure {p/q} for which p and q are not relatively prime. Examples include the hexagram {6/2}, star of Lakshmi {8/2}, and nonagram {9/3}.

If p^k is the highest power of a prime p dividing the order of a finite group G, then a subgroup of G of order p^k is called a Sylow p-subgroup of G.

Diagonalize a form over the rationals to diag[p^a·A,p^b·B,...], where all the entries are integers and A, B, ... are relatively prime to p. Then Sylvester's signature is the ...

The two functions theta(x) and psi(x) defined below are known as the Chebyshev functions. The function theta(x) is defined by theta(x) = sum_(k=1)^(pi(x))lnp_k (1) = ...

A negative number multiplied by another negative number gives a positive number.

Consider the Euler product zeta(s)=product_(k=1)^infty1/(1-1/(p_k^s)), (1) where zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta function and p_k is the kth prime. zeta(1)=infty, but taking the ...

Kloosterman's sum is defined by S(u,v,n)=sum_(h)exp[(2pii(uh+vh^_))/n], (1) where h runs through a complete set of residues relatively prime to n and h^_ is defined by hh^_=1 ...