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A linear system of equations is a set of n linear equations in k variables (sometimes called "unknowns"). Linear systems can be represented in matrix form as the matrix ...

A local Banach algebra is a normed algebra A=(A,|·|_A) which satisfies the following properties: 1. If x in A and f is an analytic function on a neighborhood of the spectrum ...

The log-likelihood function F(theta) is defined to be the natural logarithm of the likelihood function L(theta). More precisely, F(theta)=lnL(theta), and so in particular, ...

The function z=f(x)=ln(x/(1-x)). (1) This function has an inflection point at x=1/2, where f^('')(x)=(2x-1)/(x^2(x-1)^2)=0. (2) Applying the logit transformation to values ...

The Lorenz asymmetry coefficient is a summary statistic of the Lorenz curve that measures the degree of asymmetry of a Lorenz curve. The Lorenz asymmetry coefficient is ...

Low-dimensional topology usually deals with objects that are two-, three-, or four-dimensional in nature. Properly speaking, low-dimensional topology should be part of ...

The MacBeath circumconic is the dual conic to the MacBeath inconic, introduced in Dec. 2004 by P. Moses (Kimberling). It has circumconic parameters x:y:z=cosA:cosB:cosC, (1) ...

Machin-like formulas have the form mcot^(-1)u+ncot^(-1)v=1/4kpi, (1) where u, v, and k are positive integers and m and n are nonnegative integers. Some such formulas can be ...

The function defined by y=ks^xb^(q^x) which is used in actuarial science for specifying a simplified mortality law (Kenney and Keeping 1962, pp. 241-242). Using s(x) as the ...

A point x^* which is mapped to itself under a map G, so that x^*=G(x^*). Such points are sometimes also called invariant points or fixed elements (Woods 1961). Stable fixed ...