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A closed interval corresponding to a finite portion of an infinite line. Line segments are generally labeled with two letters corresponding to their endpoints, say A and B, ...

The word multiplicity is a general term meaning "the number of values for which a given condition holds." For example, the term is used to refer to the value of the totient ...

The word "order" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. Most commonly, it refers to the number of elements in (e.g., conjugacy class order, graph order, group ...

Parametric equations are a set of equations that express a set of quantities as explicit functions of a number of independent variables, known as "parameters." For example, ...

The pathwidth of a graph G, also called the interval thickness, vertex separation number, and node searching number, is one less than the size of the largest set in a path ...

A function is said to be piecewise constant if it is locally constant in connected regions separated by a possibly infinite number of lower-dimensional boundaries. The ...

A planted tree is a rooted tree whose root vertex has vertex degree 1. The number of planted trees of n nodes is T_(n-1), where T_(n-1) is the number of rooted trees of n-1 ...

A Poisson process is a process satisfying the following properties: 1. The numbers of changes in nonoverlapping intervals are independent for all intervals. 2. The ...

The word population has a number of distinct but closely related meanings in statistics. 1. A finite and actually existing group of objects which, although possibly large, ...

The unique nonnegative square root of a nonnegative real number. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, although both -3 and 3 are square roots of 9. The concept ...