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De Grey (2018) found the first examples of unit-distance graphs with chromatic number 5, thus demonstrating that the solution to the Hadwiger-Nelson problem (i.e., the ...

There are several related theorems involving Hamiltonian cycles of graphs that are associated with Pósa. Let G be a simple graph with n graph vertices. 1. If, for every k in ...

A Dirichlet L-series is a series of the form L_k(s,chi)=sum_(n=1)^inftychi_k(n)n^(-s), (1) where the number theoretic character chi_k(n) is an integer function with period k, ...

The extension of a, an ideal in commutative ring A, in a ring B, is the ideal generated by its image f(a) under a ring homomorphism f. Explicitly, it is any finite sum of the ...

An element of an adèle group, sometimes called a repartition in older literature (e.g., Chevalley 1951, p. 25). Adèles arise in both number fields and function fields. The ...

A branch point whose neighborhood of values wrap around the range a finite number of times p as their complex arguments theta varies from 0 to a multiple of 2pi is called an ...

Given a graph G, the arboricity Upsilon(G) is the minimum number of edge-disjoint acyclic subgraphs (i.e., spanning forests) whose union is G. An acyclic graph therefore has ...

In the theory of transfinite ordinal numbers, 1. Every well ordered set has a unique ordinal number, 2. Every segment of ordinals (i.e., any set of ordinals arranged in ...

A dimension also called the fractal dimension, Hausdorff dimension, and Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension in which nonintegral values are permitted. Objects whose capacity ...

The average number of regions into which n randomly chosen planes divide a cube is N^_(n)=1/(324)(2n+23)n(n-1)pi+n+1 (Finch 2003, p. 482). The maximum number of regions is ...