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A composite knot is a knot that is not a prime knot. Schubert (1949) showed that every knot can be uniquely decomposed (up to the order in which the decomposition is ...

The Wolstenholme numbers are defined as the numerators of the generalized harmonic number H_(n,2) appearing in Wolstenholme's theorem. The first few are 1, 5, 49, 205, 5269, ...

An idoneal number, also called a suitable number or convenient number, is a positive integer D for which the fact that a number is a monomorph (i.e., is expressible in only ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/7 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 7 is not a ...

There are at least two theorems known as Chebyshev's theorem. The first is Bertrand's postulate, proposed by Bertrand in 1845 and proved by Chebyshev using elementary methods ...

An interprime is the average of consecutive (but not necessarily twin) odd primes. The first few terms are 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 26, 30, 34, ... (OEIS A024675). The first ...

Given two randomly chosen n×n integer matrices, what is the probability D(n) that the corresponding determinants are relatively prime? Hafner et al. (1993) showed that ...

Given relatively prime integers p and q (i.e., (p,q)=1), the Dedekind sum is defined by s(p,q)=sum_(i=1)^q((i/q))(((pi)/q)), (1) where ((x))={x-|_x_|-1/2 x not in Z; 0 x in ...

Hoffman (1998, p. 90) calls the sum of the exponents in the prime factorization of a number its roundness. The first few values for n=1, 2, ... are 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, ...

Analytic number theory is the branch of number theory which uses real and complex analysis to investigate various properties of integers and prime numbers. Examples of topics ...