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A composite number n is a positive integer n>1 which is not prime (i.e., which has factors other than 1 and itself). The first few composite numbers (sometimes called ...

The tetranacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by T_0=0, T_1=1, T_2=1, T_3=2, and the recurrence relation T_n=T_(n-1)+T_(n-2)+T_(n-3)+T_(n-4) ...

Willans' formula is a prime-generating formula due to Willan (1964) that is defined as follows. Let F(j) = |_cos^2[pi((j-1)!+1)/j]_| (1) = {1 for j=1 or j prime; 0 otherwise ...

The determination of a set of factors (divisors) of a given integer ("prime factorization"), polynomial ("polynomial factorization"), etc., which, when multiplied together, ...

Each prime factor p_i^(alpha_i) in an integer's prime factorization is called a primary.

A prime factorization algorithm.

A primitive subgroup of the symmetric group S_n is equal to either the alternating group A_n or S_n whenever it contains at least one permutation which is a q-cycle for some ...

Two numbers which are relatively prime.

For N=k·2^n+1 with k odd and 2^n>k, if there exists an integer a such that a^((N-1)/2)=-1 (mod N), then N is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime.

A process of successively crossing out members of a list according to a set of rules such that only some remain. The best known sieve is the sieve of Eratosthenes for ...