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Let n be an elliptic pseudoprime associated with (E,P), and let n+1=2^sk with k odd and s>=0. Then n is a strong elliptic pseudoprime when either kP=0 (mod n) or 2^rkP=0 (mod ...

A subgroup is a subset H of group elements of a group G that satisfies the four group requirements. It must therefore contain the identity element. "H is a subgroup of G" is ...

The sum rule for differentiation states d/(dx)[f(x)+g(x)]=f^'(x)+g^'(x), (1) where d/dx denotes a derivative and f^'(x) and g^'(x) are the derivatives of f(x) and g(x), ...

The superdiagonal of a square matrix is the set of elements directly above the elements comprising the diagonal. For example, in the following matrix, the diagonal elements ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')-[(M^2-1/4+K^2-2MKcosx)/(sin^2x)+(sigma+K^2+1/4)]y=0.

A surface on which the Gaussian curvature K is everywhere positive. When K is everywhere negative, a surface is called anticlastic. A point at which the Gaussian curvature is ...

The third Lemoine circle, a term coined here for the first time, is the circumcircle of the Lemoine triangle. It has center function alpha=(f(a,b,c))/a, (1) where f(a,b,c) is ...

The partial differential equation u_(xy)+alphau_x+betau_y+gammau_xu_y=0.

A topological partial algebra is a pair (A,tau), where A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)) is a partial algebra and each of the operations f_i^A is continuous in the product topology. ...

The summatory function Phi(n) of the totient function phi(n) is defined by Phi(n) = sum_(k=1)^(n)phi(k) (1) = sum_(m=1)^(n)msum_(d|m)(mu(d))/d (2) = ...