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A quantity which transforms like a tensor except for a scalar factor of a Jacobian.

A Stoneham number is a number alpha_(b,c) of the form alpha_(b,c)=sum_(k=1)^infty1/(b^(c^k)c^k), where b,c>1 are relatively prime positive integers. Stoneham (1973) proved ...

Number theory is a vast and fascinating field of mathematics, sometimes called "higher arithmetic," consisting of the study of the properties of whole numbers. Primes and ...

Let p(d,a) be the smallest prime in the arithmetic progression {a+kd} for k an integer >0. Let p(d)=maxp(d,a) such that 1<=a<d and (a,d)=1. Then there exists a d_0>=2 and an ...

The quotient W(p)=((p-1)!+1)/p which must be congruent to 0 (mod p) for p to be a Wilson prime. The quotient is an integer only when p=1 (in which case W(1)=2) or p is a ...

Let p be an odd prime and b a positive integer not divisible by p. Then for each positive odd integer 2k-1<p, let r_k be r_k=(2k-1)b (mod p) with 0<r_k<p, and let t be the ...

The so-called explicit formula psi(x)=x-sum_(rho)(x^rho)/rho-ln(2pi)-1/2ln(1-x^(-2)) gives an explicit relation between prime numbers and Riemann zeta function zeros for x>1 ...

The greatest common divisor, sometimes also called the highest common divisor (Hardy and Wright 1979, p. 20), of two positive integers a and b is the largest divisor common ...

Physicists and engineers use the phrase "order of magnitude" to refer to the smallest power of ten needed to represent a quantity. Two quantities A and B which are within ...

17 is a Fermat prime, which means that the 17-sided regular polygon (the heptadecagon) is constructible using compass and straightedge (as proved by Gauss).