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The limaçon trisectrix is a trisectrix that is a special case of the rose curve with n=1/3 (possibly with translation, rotation, and scaling). It was studied by Archimedes, ...

A linear congruence equation ax=b (mod m) (1) is solvable iff the congruence b=0 (mod d) (2) with d=GCD(a,m) is the greatest common divisor is solvable. Let one solution to ...

The log-likelihood function F(theta) is defined to be the natural logarithm of the likelihood function L(theta). More precisely, F(theta)=lnL(theta), and so in particular, ...

The Fredholm integral equation of the second kind f(x)=1+1/piint_(-1)^1(f(t))/((x-t)^2+1)dt that arises in electrostatics (Love 1949, Fox and Goodwin 1953, and Abbott 2002).

The Markström graph is a cubic planar graph on 24 vertices which lacks cycles of length 4 and 8 but contains cycles of length 16. (In particular, it contains cycles of ...

Multivariate analysis is the simultaneous statistical consideration of relationships among many measured properties of a given system (Gould 1996, p. 42).

The Nørlund polynomial (note that the spelling Nörlund also appears in various publications) is a name given by Carlitz (1960) and Adelberg (1997) to the polynomial ...

A numeral is a symbol used to represent a number. Arabic numerals (0-9) are the ones most commonly used today. Other types, mainly of historical interest, include Egyptian, ...

Let T be a linear operator on a separable Hilbert space. The spectrum sigma(T) of T is the set of lambda such that (T-lambdaI) is not invertible on all of the Hilbert space, ...

An ordered pair representation is a representation of a directed graph in which edges are specified as ordered pairs or vertex indices. The ordered pairs representation of a ...