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The nearest integer function, also called nint or the round function, is defined such that nint(x) is the integer closest to x. While the notation |_x] is sometimes used to ...

The word quantile has no fewer than two distinct meanings in probability. Specific elements x in the range of a variate X are called quantiles, and denoted x (Evans et al. ...

A spectral sequence is a tool of homological algebra that has many applications in algebra, algebraic geometry, and algebraic topology. Roughly speaking, a spectral sequence ...

A test used to determine the statistical significance of an observation. Two main types of error can occur: 1. A type I error occurs when a false negative result is obtained ...

A generalization of the p-adic norm first proposed by Kürschák in 1913. A valuation |·| on a field K is a function from K to the real numbers R such that the following ...

A function f(x) is absolutely monotonic in the interval a<x<b if it has nonnegative derivatives of all orders in the region, i.e., f^((k))(x)>=0 (1) for a<x<b and k=0, 1, 2, ...

The set A^2 of all ordered pairs of complex numbers.

In the archaic terminology of Whittaker and Watson (1990), the complex number z representing x+iy.

A map projection. The inverse equations for phi are computed by iteration. Let the angle of the projection plane be theta_b. Define a={0 for theta_b=1/2pi; ...

Alpha is the name for the first letter in the Greek alphabet: alpha. In finance, alpha is a financial measure giving the difference between a fund's actual return and its ...