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The area of a surface or lamina is the amount of material needed to "cover" it completely. The area of a surface or collection of surfaces bounding a solid is called, not ...

There are two definitions of the Carmichael function. One is the reduced totient function (also called the least universal exponent function), defined as the smallest integer ...

Simpson's rule is a Newton-Cotes formula for approximating the integral of a function f using quadratic polynomials (i.e., parabolic arcs instead of the straight line ...

T-integration, which stands for "tunable numerical integration," is a fast, accurate, and numerically stable numerical integration formula given by ...

Consider a formula in prenex normal form, Q_1x_1...Q_nx_nN. If Q_i is the existential quantifier (1<=i<=n) and x_k, ..., x_m are all the universal quantifier variables such ...

Let A be the area of a simply closed lattice polygon. Let B denote the number of lattice points on the polygon edges and I the number of points in the interior of the ...

The Gregory series is a pi formula found by Gregory and Leibniz and obtained by plugging x=1 into the Leibniz series, pi/4=sum_(k=1)^infty((-1)^(k+1))/(2k-1)=1-1/3+1/5-... ...

A run is a sequence of more than one consecutive identical outcomes, also known as a clump. Let R_p(r,n) be the probability that a run of r or more consecutive heads appears ...

Binet's first formula for the log gamma function lnGamma(z), where Gamma(z) is a gamma function, is given by for R[z]>0 (Erdélyi et al. 1981, p. 21; Whittaker and Watson ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It uses weighting function W(x)=1 in the interval [-1,1] and forces all the weights to be equal. The ...