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For any set theoretic formula f(x,t_1,t_2,...,t_n), In other words, for any formula and set A there is a subset of A consisting exactly of those elements which satisfy the ...

A generalized hypergeometric function _pF_q(a_1,...,a_p;b_1,...,b_q;x) is a function which can be defined in the form of a hypergeometric series, i.e., a series for which the ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

Stochastic optimization refers to the minimization (or maximization) of a function in the presence of randomness in the optimization process. The randomness may be present as ...

An idealized mathematical object having a rigorously straight edge which can be used to draw a line segment. Although geometric constructions are sometimes said to be ...

An occurrence of a variable in a logic formula which is not inside the scope of a quantifier.

A Turing machine is called deterministic if there is always at most one instruction associated with a given present internal state/tape state pair (q,s). Otherwise, it is ...

A real function is said to be differentiable at a point if its derivative exists at that point. The notion of differentiability can also be extended to complex functions ...

A differential equation is an equation that involves the derivatives of a function as well as the function itself. If partial derivatives are involved, the equation is called ...