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A game which is played by the following rules. Given one or more piles (nim-heaps), players alternate by taking all or some of the counters in a single heap. The player ...

Every totally ordered set (A,<=) is associated with a so-called order type. Two sets A and B are said to have the same order type iff they are order isomorphic (Ciesielski ...

In Moralia, the Greek biographer and philosopher Plutarch states "Chrysippus says that the number of compound propositions that can be made from only ten simple propositions ...

The term "recursive function" is often used informally to describe any function that is defined with recursion. There are several formal counterparts to this informal ...

The concept of a space is an extremely general and important mathematical construct. Members of the space obey certain addition properties. Spaces which have been ...

A state diagram is a labeled directed graph together with state information that can be used to indicate that certain paths on in a system may be traversed only in a certain ...

Analysis

von Neumann-Bernays-Gödel set theory (abbreviated "NBG") is a version of set theory which was designed to give the same results as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, but in a more ...

One of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms, also known as the axiom of regularity (Rubin 1967, Suppes 1972). In the formal language of set theory, it states that x!=emptyset=> exists ...

Go is played on a 19×19 grid, with pieces being placed at the intersections of grid lines, rather than in the middle of them. Go boards have a number of peculiarities, ...