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Lagrange's identity is the algebraic identity (sum_(k=1)^na_kb_k)^2=(sum_(k=1)^na_k^2)(sum_(k=1)^nb_k^2)-sum_(1<=k<j<=n)(a_kb_j-a_jb_k)^2 (1) (Mitrinović 1970, p. 41; Marsden ...

The Lebesgue measure is an extension of the classical notions of length and area to more complicated sets. Given an open set S=sum_(k)(a_k,b_k) containing disjoint intervals, ...

If K is a finite complex and h:|K|->|K| is a continuous map, then Lambda(h)=sum(-1)^pTr(h_*,H_p(K)/T_p(K)) is the Lefschetz number of the map h.

Let S be partitioned into r×s disjoint sets E_i and F_j where the general subset is denoted E_i intersection F_j. Then the marginal probability of E_i is ...

The statistical index P_(ME)=(sump_n(q_0+q_n))/(sum(v_0+v_n)), where p_n is the price per unit in period n, q_n is the quantity produced in period n, and v_n=p_nq_n is the ...

mu_i(epsilon), sometimes denoted P_i(epsilon), is the probability that element i is populated, normalized such that sum_(i=1)^Nmu_i(epsilon)=1.

A sequence of n 0s and 1s is called an odd sequence if each of the n sums sum_(i=1)^(n-k)a_ia_(i+k) for k=0, 1, ..., n-1 is odd.

The eigenvalues lambda satisfying P(lambda)=0, where P(lambda) is the characteristic polynomial, lie in the unions of the disks |z|<=1 |z+b_1|<=sum_(j=1)^n|b_j|.

F(x,s) = sum_(m=1)^(infty)(e^(2piimx))/(m^s) (1) = psi_s(e^(2piix)), (2) where psi_s(x) is the polygamma function.

A^*(x)=sum_(lambda_n<=x)^'a_n=1/(2pii)int_(c-iinfty)^(c+iinfty)f(s)(e^(sx))/sds, where f(s)=suma_ne^(-lambda_ns).