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An impartial game in which the last player wins. In normal-form games, the nim-value of the sum of two games is the nim-sum of their nim-values.

Let S(x) denote the number of positive integers not exceeding x which can be expressed as a sum of two squares (i.e., those n<=x such that the sum of squares function ...

The sum of the absolute squares of the spherical harmonics Y_l^m(theta,phi) over all values of m is sum_(m=-l)^l|Y_l^m(theta,phi)|^2=(2l+1)/(4pi). (1) The double sum over m ...

The nth coefficient in the power series of a univalent function should be no greater than n. In other words, if f(z)=a_0+a_1z+a_2z^2+...+a_nz^n+... is a conformal mapping of ...

The Pochhammer symbol (x)_n = (Gamma(x+n))/(Gamma(x)) (1) = x(x+1)...(x+n-1) (2) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 256; Spanier 1987; Koepf 1998, p. 5) for n>=0 is an ...

Let A and B be any sets, and let |X| be the cardinal number of a set X. Then cardinal exponentiation is defined by |A|^(|B|)=|set of all functions from B into A| (Ciesielski ...

Informally, self-similar objects with parameters N and s are described by a power law such as N=s^d, where d=(lnN)/(lns) is the "dimension" of the scaling law, known as the ...

Leakage, more explicitly called spectral leakage, is a smearing of power across a frequency spectrum that occurs when the signal being measured is not periodic in the sample ...

A function f in C^infty(R^n) is called a Schwartz function if it goes to zero as |x|->infty faster than any inverse power of x, as do all its derivatives. That is, a function ...

The Thue-Morse sequence, also called the Morse-Thue sequence or Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence (Allouche and Cosnard 2000), is one of a number of related sequences of numbers ...