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Letting Lk be the linking number of the two components of a ribbon, Tw be the twist, and Wr be the writhe, then Lk(K)=Tw(K)+Wr(K). (Adams 1994, p. 187).

A canonical labeling, also called a canonical form, of a graph G is a graph G^' which is isomorphic to G and which represents the whole isomorphism class of G (Piperno 2011). ...

A Cartesian product of any finite or infinite set I of copies of Z_2, equipped with the product topology derived from the discrete topology of Z_2. It is denoted Z_2^I. The ...

The parameters alpha, beta, gamma, and delta which, like the three Euler angles, provide a way to uniquely characterize the orientation of a solid body. These parameters ...

Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. A nonzero homomorphism from A onto the field of complex numbers is called a character. Every character is automatically ...

Each Cartan matrix determines a unique semisimple complex Lie algebra via the Chevalley-Serre, sometimes called simply the "Serre relations." That is, if (A_(ij)) is a k×k ...

A central circle is a circle with trilinear equation (lalpha+mbeta+ngamma)(aalpha+bbeta+cgamma)+k(abetagamma+bgammaalpha+calphabeta)=0 such that l:m:n is a triangle center ...

A set of orthogonal functions {phi_n(x)} is termed complete in the closed interval x in [a,b] if, for every piecewise continuous function f(x) in the interval, the minimum ...

A polyhedral graph is completely regular if the dual graph is also regular. There are only five types. Let rho be the number of graph edges at each node, rho^* the number of ...

Let X and Y be sets, and let R subset= X×Y be a relation on X×Y. Then R is a concurrent relation if and only if for any finite subset F of X, there exists a single element p ...