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Betti numbers are topological objects which were proved to be invariants by Poincaré, and used by him to extend the polyhedral formula to higher dimensional spaces. ...

The biconjugate gradient stabilized (BCGSTAB) method was developed to solve nonsymmetric linear systems while avoiding the often irregular convergence patterns of the ...

A caterpillar graph, caterpillar tree, or simply "caterpillar," is a tree in which every graph vertex is on a central stalk or only one graph edge away from the stalk (in ...

A chordal graph is a simple graph in which every graph cycle of length four and greater has a cycle chord. In other words, a chordal graph is a graph possessing no chordless ...

The complete bipartite graph K_(1,3) is a tree known as the "claw." It is isomorphic to the star graph S_4, and is sometimes known as the Y graph (Horton and Bouwer 1991; ...

A complete k-partite graph is a k-partite graph (i.e., a set of graph vertices decomposed into k disjoint sets such that no two graph vertices within the same set are ...

The conjugate gradient method can be applied on the normal equations. The CGNE and CGNR methods are variants of this approach that are the simplest methods for nonsymmetric ...

Cribbage is a game in which each of two players is dealt a hand of six cards. Each player then discards two of his six cards to a four-card "crib" which alternates between ...

The cuboctahedral graph is an Archimedean quartic symmetric graph on 12 nodes and 24 edges that is the skeleton of the cuboctahedron, as well as the uniform ...

A set of m distinct positive integers S={a_1,...,a_m} satisfies the Diophantus property D(n) of order n (a positive integer) if, for all i,j=1, ..., m with i!=j, ...