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The uniformity conjecture postulates a relationship between the syntactic length of expressions built up from the natural numbers using field operations, exponentials, and ...

An exponential sum of the form sum_(n=1)^Ne^(2piiP(n)), (1) where P(n) is a real polynomial (Weyl 1914, 1916; Montgomery 2001). Writing e(theta)=e^(2piitheta), (2) a notation ...

A theorem of fundamental importance in spectroscopy and angular momentum theory which provides both (1) an explicit form for the dependence of all matrix elements of ...

Wynn's epsilon-method is a method for numerical evaluation of sums and products that samples a number of additional terms in the series and then tries to extrapolate them by ...

A famous perceptual illusion in which the brain switches between seeing a young girl and an old woman (or "wife" and "mother in law"). An anonymous German postcard from 1888 ...

A zonotope is a set of points in d-dimensional space constructed from vectors v_i by taking the sum of a_iv_i, where each a_i is a scalar between 0 and 1. Different choices ...

A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving a sum of powers in one or more variables multiplied by coefficients. A polynomial in one variable (i.e., a univariate ...

A line is a straight one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending infinitely in both directions. A line is sometimes called a straight line or, more archaically, ...

An arithmetic progression of primes is a set of primes of the form p_1+kd for fixed p_1 and d and consecutive k, i.e., {p_1,p_1+d,p_1+2d,...}. For example, 199, 409, 619, ...

The prime number theorem gives an asymptotic form for the prime counting function pi(n), which counts the number of primes less than some integer n. Legendre (1808) suggested ...