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Let x_0 be a rational number in the closed interval [0,1], and generate a sequence using the map x_(n+1)=2x_n (mod 1). (1) Then the number of periodic map orbits of period p ...

An algebraic set is the locus of zeros of a collection of polynomials. For example, the circle is the set of zeros of x^2+y^2-1 and the point at (0,0) is the set of zeros of ...

A method of solving combinatorial problems by means of an algorithm which is allowed to run forward until a dead end is reached, at which point previous steps are retraced ...

The attractor of the iterated function system given by the set of "fern functions" f_1(x,y) = [0.85 0.04; -0.04 0.85][x; y]+[0.00; 1.60] (1) f_2(x,y) = [-0.15 0.28; 0.26 ...

The qubit |psi>=a|0>+b|1> can be represented as a point (theta,phi) on a unit sphere called the Bloch sphere. Define the angles theta and phi by letting a=cos(theta/2) and ...

The blow-up lemma essentially says that regular pairs in Szemerédi's regularity lemma behave like complete bipartite graphs from the point of view of embedding bounded degree ...

A theorem about (or providing an equivalent definition of) compact sets, originally due to Georg Cantor. Given a decreasing sequence of bounded nonempty closed sets C_1 ...

The 60 Pascal lines of a hexagon inscribed in a conic intersect three at a time through 20 Steiner points, and also three at a time in 60 Kirkman points. Each Steiner point ...

The functions describing the horizontal and vertical positions of a point on a circle as a function of angle (cosine and sine) and those functions derived from them: cotx = ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation xy^('')+(c-x)y^'-ay=0, sometimes also called Kummer's differential equation (Slater 1960, p. 2; Zwillinger 1997, p. 124). It ...