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For F_n the nth Fibonacci number, F_(n-1)F_(n+1)-F_n^2=(-1)^n. This identity was also discovered by Simson (Coxeter and Greitzer 1967, p. 41; Coxeter 1969, pp. 165-168; Wells ...

The characteristic equation is the equation which is solved to find a matrix's eigenvalues, also called the characteristic polynomial. For a general k×k matrix A, the ...

The chi distribution with n degrees of freedom is the distribution followed by the square root of a chi-squared random variable. For n=1, the chi distribution is a ...

Church proved several important theorems that now go by the name Church's theorem. One of Church's theorems states that there is no consistent decidable extension of Peano ...

A notation used to describe curves. The fundamental principle of Clebsch-Aronhold notation states that if each of a number of forms be replaced by a power of a linear form in ...

The coboundary polynomial chi^__G(q,t) is a bivariate graph polynomial which can be expressed in terms of the Tutte polynomial T_G(x,y) of a graph G by ...

A coloring of plane regions, link segments, etc., is an assignment of a distinct labeling (which could be a number, letter, color, etc.) to each component. Coloring problems ...

A concordant form is an integer triple (a,b,N) where {a^2+b^2=c^2; a^2+Nb^2=d^2, (1) with c and d integers. Examples include {14663^2+111384^2=112345^2; ...

A function, or the symbol representing a function, which corresponds to English conjunctions such as "and," "or," "not," etc. that takes one or more truth values as input and ...

The covariant derivative of a contravariant tensor A^a (also called the "semicolon derivative" since its symbol is a semicolon) is given by A^a_(;b) = ...