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Chess is a two-player board game believed to have been played in India as early as the sixth century AD. In different parts of this world, different chess games are played. ...

Combinatorics is the branch of mathematics studying the enumeration, combination, and permutation of sets of elements and the mathematical relations that characterize their ...

A (v,g)-cage graph is a v-regular graph of girth g having the minimum possible number of nodes. When v is not explicitly stated, the term "g-cage" generally refers to a ...

An abundant number, sometimes also called an excessive number, is a positive integer n for which s(n)=sigma(n)-n>n, (1) where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the ...

There are four varieties of Airy functions: Ai(z), Bi(z), Gi(z), and Hi(z). Of these, Ai(z) and Bi(z) are by far the most common, with Gi(z) and Hi(z) being encountered much ...

Angle trisection is the division of an arbitrary angle into three equal angles. It was one of the three geometric problems of antiquity for which solutions using only compass ...

Archimedes' cattle problem, also called the bovinum problema, or Archimedes' reverse, is stated as follows: "The sun god had a herd of cattle consisting of bulls and cows, ...

Solutions to the associated Laguerre differential equation with nu!=0 and k an integer are called associated Laguerre polynomials L_n^k(x) (Arfken 1985, p. 726) or, in older ...

Checkers is a two-player game with the most common variant played on an 8×8 checkerboard with each player starts with twelve pieces of a fixed color on opposite sites of the ...

There are three types of cubic lattices corresponding to three types of cubic close packing, as summarized in the following table. Now that the Kepler conjecture has been ...