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A function f(x) is absolutely monotonic in the interval a<x<b if it has nonnegative derivatives of all orders in the region, i.e., f^((k))(x)>=0 (1) for a<x<b and k=0, 1, 2, ...

Let M(X) denote the group of all invertible maps X->X and let G be any group. A homomorphism theta:G->M(X) is called an action of G on X. Therefore, theta satisfies 1. For ...

In an additive group G, the additive inverse of an element a is the element a^' such that a+a^'=a^'+a=0, where 0 is the additive identity of G. Usually, the additive inverse ...

An anti-analytic function is a function f satisfying the condition (df)/(dz)=0. (1) Using the result ...

A number which can be represented both in the form x_0^2-Dy_0^2 and in the form Dx_1^2-y_1^2. This is only possible when the Pell equation x^2-Dy^2=-1 (1) is solvable. Then ...

A function f(x) is said to be antiperiodic with antiperiod p if -f(x)=f(x+np) for n=1, 3, .... For example, the sine function sinx is antiperiodic with period pi (as well as ...

The evolute of the astroid is a hypocycloid evolute for n=4. Surprisingly, it is another astroid scaled by a factor n/(n-2)=4/2=2 and rotated 1/(2·4)=1/8 of a turn. For an ...

Given the functional (1) find in a class of arcs satisfying p differential and q finite equations phi_alpha(y_1,...,y_n;y_1^',...,y_n^')=0 for alpha=1,...,p ...

A distribution which arises in the study of integer spin particles in physics, P(k)=(k^s)/(e^(k-mu)-1). (1) Its integral is given by int_0^infty(k^sdk)/(e^(k-mu)-1) = ...

B(x,y)=[x y; +/-ty +/-x]. (1) It satisfies B(x_1,y_1)B(x_2,y_2)=B(x_1x_2+/-ty_1y_2,x_1y_2+/-y_1x_2). (2) Powers of the matrix are defined by B^n = [x y; ty x]^n (3) = [x_n ...