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An algorithm for partitioning (or clustering) N data points into K disjoint subsets S_j containing N_j data points so as to minimize the sum-of-squares criterion ...

A general set of methods for integrating ordinary differential equations. Predictor-corrector methods proceed by extrapolating a polynomial fit to the derivative from the ...

A pathwise-connected domain is said to be simply connected (also called 1-connected) if any simple closed curve can be shrunk to a point continuously in the set. If the ...

The geometric centroid of the system obtained by placing a mass equal to the magnitude of the exterior angle at each vertex (Honsberger 1995, p. 120) is called the Steiner ...

Euclid's second theorem states that the number of primes is infinite. The proof of this can be accomplished using the numbers E_n = 1+product_(i=1)^(n)p_i (1) = 1+p_n#, (2) ...

A fusene is a simple planar 2-connected graph embedded in the plane with all vertices of degree 2 or 3, all bounded faces (not necessarily regular) hexagons, and all vertices ...

An e-prime is a prime number appearing in the decimal expansion of e. The first few are 2, 271, 2718281, ...

If a continuous function defined on an interval is sometimes positive and sometimes negative, it must be 0 at some point. Bolzano (1817) proved the theorem (which effectively ...

The function defined by the contour integral J_(n,k)(z) =1/(2pii)int^((0+))t^(-n-1)(t+1/t)^kexp[1/2z(t-1/t)]dt, where int_((0+)) denotes the contour encircling the point z=0 ...

The Cauchy remainder is a different form of the remainder term than the Lagrange remainder. The Cauchy remainder after n terms of the Taylor series for a function f(x) ...