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Assume that n numbered pancakes are stacked, and that a spatula can be used to reverse the order of the top k pancakes for 2<=k<=n. Then the pancake sorting problem asks how ...

A ternary diagram is a triangular diagram which displays the proportion of three variables that sum to a constant and which does so using barycentric coordinates. The ...

A palindromic prime is a number that is simultaneously palindromic and prime. The first few (base-10) palindromic primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131, 151, 181, 191, 313, ...

The greatest radial distance of an ellipse as measured from a focus. Taking v=pi in the equation of an ellipse r=(a(1-e^2))/(1+ecosv) gives the apoapsis distance r_+=a(1+e). ...

Let a number n be written in binary as n=(epsilon_kepsilon_(k-1)...epsilon_1epsilon_0)_2, (1) and define b_n=sum_(i=0)^(k-1)epsilon_iepsilon_(i+1) (2) as the number of digits ...

The Droz-Farny circles are a pair of circles of equal radius obtained by particular geometric constructions. The following amazing property of a triangle, first given by ...

An optical illusion named after British psychologist James Fraser, who first studied the illusion in 1908 (Fraser 1908). The illusion is also known as the false spiral, or by ...

A cylindrical wedge, also called a cylindrical hoof or cylindrical ungula, is a wedge cut from a cylinder by slicing with a plane that intersects the base of the cylinder. ...

The elliptic curve factorization method, abbreviated ECM and sometimes also called the Lenstra elliptic curve method, is a factorization algorithm that computes a large ...

A root-finding method which was among the most popular methods for finding roots of univariate polynomials in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was invented independently by ...