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Consider a function f(x) in one dimension. If f(x) has a relative extremum at x_0, then either f^'(x_0)=0 or f is not differentiable at x_0. Either the first or second ...

A general space based on the line element ds=F(x^1,...,x^n;dx^1,...,dx^n), with F(x,y)>0 for y!=0 a function on the tangent bundle T(M), and homogeneous of degree 1 in y. ...

Two circles with centers at (x_i,y_i) with radii r_i for i=1,2 are mutually tangent if (x_1-x_2)^2+(y_1-y_2)^2=(r_1+/-r_2)^2. (1) If the center of the second circle is inside ...

The lengths of the tangents from a point P to a conic C are proportional to the cube roots of the radii of curvature of C at the corresponding points of contact.

The addition of two quantities, i.e., a plus b. The operation is denoted a+b, and the symbol + is called the plus sign. Floating-point addition is sometimes denoted direct ...

The vertex connectivity kappa(G) of a graph G, also called "point connectivity" or simply "connectivity," is the minimum size of a vertex cut, i.e., a vertex subset S subset= ...

The Perkel graph is a weakly regular graph on 57 vertices and 171 edges, shown above in several embeddings. It is the unique distance-regular graph with intersection array ...

In floating-point arithmetic, a biased exponent is the result of adding some constant (called the bias) to the exponent chosen to make the range of the exponent nonnegative. ...

The line joining the three collinear points of intersection of the extensions of corresponding sides in perspective triangles, also called the perspectrix or homology axis.

A circular cone the centers of whose sections form a line perpendicular to the bases. When used without qualification, the term "cone" often refers to a right circular cone.