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The operation of drilling a tubular neighborhood of a knot K in S^3 and then gluing in a solid torus so that its meridian curve goes to a (p,q)-curve on the torus boundary of ...

Two distinct knots cannot have the same exterior. Or, equivalently, a knot is completely determined by its knot exterior (Cipra 1988; Adams 1994, p. 261). The question was ...

Let Omega be an open, bounded, and connected subset of R^d for some d and let dx denote d-dimensional Lebesgue measure on R^d. In functional analysis, the Friedrichs ...

A manifold is a topological space that is locally Euclidean (i.e., around every point, there is a neighborhood that is topologically the same as the open unit ball in R^n). ...

The Klein-Beltrami model of hyperbolic geometry consists of an open disk in the Euclidean plane whose open chords correspond to hyperbolic lines. Two lines l and m are then ...

A formula relating the number of polyhedron vertices V, faces F, and polyhedron edges E of a simply connected (i.e., genus 0) polyhedron (or polygon). It was discovered ...

A Lorentz transformation is a four-dimensional transformation x^('mu)=Lambda^mu_nux^nu, (1) satisfied by all four-vectors x^nu, where Lambda^mu_nu is a so-called Lorentz ...

The metric ds^2=(dx^2+dy^2)/((1-x^2-y^2)^2) for the Poincaré hyperbolic disk, which is a model for hyperbolic geometry. The hyperbolic metric is invariant under conformal ...

Let a closed surface have genus g. Then the polyhedral formula generalizes to the Poincaré formula chi(g)=V-E+F, (1) where chi(g)=2-2g (2) is the Euler characteristic, ...

A surface (or "space") of section, also called a Poincaré section (Rasband 1990, pp. 7 and 93-94), is a way of presenting a trajectory in n-dimensional phase space in an ...