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An infinitesimal is some quantity that is explicitly nonzero and yet smaller in absolute value than any real quantity. The understanding of infinitesimals was a major ...

A type of plot invented by M. Trott that shows the behavior of a function near and far from the origin simultaneously. Inside a given radius, the plot shows the actual value ...

The finite Fourier cosine transform of an apodization function, also known as an apparatus function. The instrument function I(k) corresponding to a given apodization ...

Interest is a fee (or payment) made for the borrowing (or lending) of money. The two most common types of interest are simple interest, for which interest is paid only on the ...

Given a smooth function f:R^n->R^n, if the Jacobian is invertible at 0, then there is a neighborhood U containing 0 such that f:U->f(U) is a diffeomorphism. That is, there is ...

The substitution of re^(itheta) for z in a polynomial p(z). p(z) is then plotted as a function of theta for a given r in the complex plane. By varying r so that the curve ...

Applying the Kaprekar routine to 4-digit number reaches 0 for exactly 77 4-digit numbers, while the remainder give 6174 in at most 8 iterations. The value 6174 is sometimes ...

A function that has a natural boundary.

Laplace's integral is one of the following integral representations of the Legendre polynomial P_n(x), P_n(x) = 1/piint_0^pi(du)/((x+sqrt(x^2-1)cosu)^(n+1))du (1) = ...

A discrete distribution of a random variable such that every possible value can be represented in the form a+bn, where a,b!=0 and n is an integer.