Search Results for ""

The complex conjugate of a complex number z=a+bi is defined to be z^_=a-bi. (1) The conjugate matrix of a matrix A=(a_(ij)) is the matrix obtained by replacing each element ...

A one-person game played on a rectangular lattice of lamps which can be turned on and off. A move consists of flipping a "switch" inside one of the squares, thereby toggling ...

An antimagic square is an n×n array of integers from 1 to n^2 such that each row, column, and main diagonal produces a different sum such that these sums form a sequence of ...

An array is a "list of lists" with the length of each level of list the same. The size (sometimes called the "shape") of a d-dimensional array is then indicated as ...

In general, "a" calculus is an abstract theory developed in a purely formal way. "The" calculus, more properly called analysis (or real analysis or, in older literature, ...

The Chebotarev density theorem is a complicated theorem in algebraic number theory which yields an asymptotic formula for the density of prime ideals of a number field K that ...

A matrix whose elements may contain complex numbers. The matrix product of two 2×2 complex matrices is given by (1) where R_(11) = ...

Two nonisomorphic graphs can share the same graph spectrum, i.e., have the same eigenvalues of their adjacency matrices. Such graphs are called cospectral. For example, the ...

The Dirac matrices are a class of 4×4 matrices which arise in quantum electrodynamics. There are a variety of different symbols used, and Dirac matrices are also known as ...

The set of graph eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix is called the spectrum of the graph. (But note that in physics, the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of a graph are ...