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A distance g on a set that fulfils the same properties as a metric except relaxes the definition to allow the distance between two different points to be zero. An example of ...

A field F in which any Pythagorean extension of F coincides with F.

A congruence of the form ax^2+bx+c=0 (mod m), (1) where a, b, and c are integers. A general quadratic congruence can be reduced to the congruence x^2=q (mod p) (2) and can be ...

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

One of the operations exists exists (called the existential quantifier) or for all forall (called the universal quantifier, or sometimes, the general quantifier). However, ...

A set of four, also called a tetrad.

Given a polynomial in a single complex variable with complex coefficients p(z)=a_nz^n+a_(n-1)z^(n-1)+...+a_0, the reciprocal polynomial is defined by ...

Consider a countable subgroup H with elements h_i and an element x not in H, then h_ix for i=1, 2, ... constitute the right coset of the subgroup H with respect to x.

The Rutherford constant is a mathematical constant that arises in plasma physics and is defined by K_R = sqrt(2)int_(-1)^infty([R(x)]^2)/(S[x])dx (1) = 0.8227..., (2) where ...

A local-ringed space which is locally isomorphic to an affine scheme.