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Let X=(X,tau) be a topological vector space whose continuous dual X^* may or may not separate points (i.e., may or may not be T2). The weak-* (pronounced "weak star") ...

Let sopfr(n) be the sum of prime factors (with repetition) of a number n. For example, 20=2^2·5, so sopfr(20)=2+2+5=9. Then sopfr(n) for n=1, 2, ... is given by 0, 2, 3, 4, ...

The tangent plane to a surface at a point p is the tangent space at p (after translating to the origin). The elements of the tangent space are called tangent vectors, and ...

The operator I^~ which takes a real number to the same real number I^~r=r.

A bicubic spline is a special case of bicubic interpolation which uses an interpolation function of the form y(x_1,x_2) = sum_(i=1)^(4)sum_(j=1)^(4)c_(ij)t^(i-1)u^(j-1) (1) ...

The central factorials x^([k]) form an associated Sheffer sequence with f(t) = e^(t/2)-e^(-t/2) (1) = 2sinh(1/2t), (2) giving the generating function ...

Gieseking's constant is defined by G = int_0^(2pi/3)ln(2cos(1/2x))dx (1) = Cl_2(1/3pi) (2) = (3sqrt(3))/4[1-sum_(k=0)^(infty)1/((3k+2)^2)+sum_(k=1)^(infty)1/((3k+1)^2)] (3) = ...

The cosecant cscz is the function defined by cscz = 1/(sinz) (1) = (2i)/(e^(iz)-e^(-iz)), (2) where sinz is the sine. The cosecant is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

An order-n Costas array is a permutation on {1,...,n} such that the distances in each row of the triangular difference table are distinct. For example, the permutation ...

The Dottie number is the name given by Kaplan (2007) to the unique real root of cosx=x (namely, the unique real fixed point of the cosine function), which is 0.739085... ...