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The Eisenstein integers, sometimes also called the Eisenstein-Jacobi integers (Finch 2003, p. 601), are numbers of the form a+bomega, where a and b are normal integers, ...

The quantities obtained from cubic, hexagonal, etc., lattice sums, evaluated at s=1, are called Madelung constants. For cubic lattice sums ...

The Rhind papyrus is a famous document from the Egyptian Middle Kingdom that dates to 1650 BC. It was purchased by Henry Rhind in Egypt in 1858, and placed in the British ...

A branch of mathematics that is a sort of generalization of calculus. Calculus of variations seeks to find the path, curve, surface, etc., for which a given function has a ...

For vectors u=(u_x,u_y,u_z) and v=(v_x,v_y,v_z) in R^3, the cross product in is defined by uxv = x^^(u_yv_z-u_zv_y)-y^^(u_xv_z-u_zv_x)+z^^(u_xv_y-u_yv_x) (1) = ...

Given a function f(x_1,...,x_n) defined on a domain U, the graph of f is defined as the set of points (which often form a curve or surface) showing the values taken by f over ...

One of the most useful tools in nonstandard analysis is the concept of a hyperfinite set. To understand a hyperfinite set, begin with an arbitrary infinite set X whose ...

Let L(x) denote the Rogers L-function defined in terms of the usual dilogarithm by L(x) = 6/(pi^2)[Li_2(x)+1/2lnxln(1-x)] (1) = ...

Let X be a normed space, M and N be algebraically complemented subspaces of X (i.e., M+N=X and M intersection N={0}), pi:X->X/M be the quotient map, phi:M×N->X be the natural ...

The Lehmer-Mahler is the following integral representation for the Legendre polynomial P_n(x): P_n(costheta) = 1/piint_0^pi(costheta+isinthetacosphi)^ndphi (1) = ...