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Let F be a field of field characteristic p. Then the Frobenius automorphism on F is the map phi:F->F which maps alpha to alpha^p for each element alpha of F.

Any composite number n with p|(n/p-1) for all prime divisors p of n. n is a Giuga number iff sum_(k=1)^(n-1)k^(phi(n))=-1 (mod n) (1) where phi is the totient function and ...

For the hyperbolic partial differential equation u_(xy) = F(x,y,u,p,q) (1) p = u_x (2) q = u_y (3) on a domain Omega, Goursat's problem asks to find a solution u(x,y) of (3) ...

A representation of a group G is a group action of G on a vector space V by invertible linear maps. For example, the group of two elements Z_2={0,1} has a representation phi ...

The mathematical study of a nonlinear equation f(phi)=y, where f maps from a Hilbert space X to a Hilbert space Y and y in Y which abstracts the construction of optical ...

The Jacobi elliptic functions are standard forms of elliptic functions. The three basic functions are denoted cn(u,k), dn(u,k), and sn(u,k), where k is known as the elliptic ...

The Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallel phi_s=0 degrees.

P_n(cosalpha)=(sqrt(2))/piint_0^alpha(cos[(n+1/2)phi])/(sqrt(cosphi-cosalpha))dphi, where P_n(x) is a Legendre polynomial.

The hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials defined by P_n^((lambda))(x;phi)=((2lambda)_n)/(n!)e^(inphi)_2F_1(-n,lambda+ix;2lambda;1-e^(-2iphi)), (1) where (x)_n is the ...

The Mellin transform is the integral transform defined by phi(z) = int_0^inftyt^(z-1)f(t)dt (1) f(t) = 1/(2pii)int_(c-iinfty)^(c+iinfty)t^(-z)phi(z)dz. (2) It is implemented ...