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By way of analogy with the usual tangent tanz=(sinz)/(cosz), (1) the hyperbolic tangent is defined as tanhz = (sinhz)/(coshz) (2) = (e^z-e^(-z))/(e^z+e^(-z)) (3) = ...

The Gelfand transform x|->x^^ is defined as follows. If phi:B->C is linear and multiplicative in the senses phi(ax+by)=aphi(x)+bphi(y) and phi(xy)=phi(x)phi(y), where B is a ...

The Kiepert hyperbola is a hyperbola and triangle conic that is related to the solution of Lemoine's problem and its generalization to isosceles triangles constructed on the ...

The spherical harmonics form a complete orthogonal system, so an arbitrary real function f(theta,phi) can be expanded in terms of complex spherical harmonics by ...

For the Helmholtz differential equation to be separable in a coordinate system, the scale factors h_i in the Laplacian del ...

The summatory function Phi(n) of the totient function phi(n) is defined by Phi(n) = sum_(k=1)^(n)phi(k) (1) = sum_(m=1)^(n)msum_(d|m)(mu(d))/d (2) = ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings in ...

If Omega_1 and Omega_2 are bounded domains, partialOmega_1, partialOmega_2 are Jordan curves, and phi:Omega_1->Omega_2 is a conformal mapping, then phi (respectively, ...

The Fibonacci chain map is defined as x_(n+1) = -1/(x_n+epsilon+alphasgn[frac(n(phi-1))-(phi-1)]) (1) phi_(n+1) = frac(phi_n+phi-1), (2) where frac(x) is the fractional part, ...

An authalic latitude given by phi_g=tan^(-1)[(1-e^2)tanphi]. (1) The series expansion is phi_g=phi-e_2sin(2phi)+1/2e_2^2sin(4phi)+1/3e_2^3sin(6phi)+..., (2) where ...