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An error in a statistical test which occurs when a true hypothesis is rejected (a false negative in terms of the null hypothesis).

An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature (i.e., the concavity) changes. Inflection points may be stationary points, but are not local ...

Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...

The Spearman rank correlation coefficient, also known as Spearman's rho, is a nonparametric (distribution-free) rank statistic proposed by Spearman in 1904 as a measure of ...

Also known as the alternating series test. Given a series sum_(n=1)^infty(-1)^(n+1)a_n with a_n>0, if a_n is monotonic decreasing as n->infty and lim_(n->infty)a_n=0, then ...

Kurtosis is defined as a normalized form of the fourth central moment mu_4 of a distribution. There are several flavors of kurtosis, the most commonly encountered variety of ...

A point of a function or surface which is a stationary point but not an extremum. An example of a one-dimensional function with a saddle point is f(x)=x^3, which has f^'(x) = ...

A witness is a number which, as a result of its number theoretic properties, guarantees either the compositeness or primality of a number n. Witnesses are most commonly used ...

A random number generator produced by iterating X_(n+1)=|100lnX_n (mod 1)| for a seed X_0=0.1. This simple generator passes the noise sphere test for randomness by showing no ...

The term negative likelihood ratio is also used (especially in medicine) to test nonnested complementary hypotheses as follows, NLR = ([false negative rate])/([true negative ...