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An Eisenstein series with half-period ratio tau and index r is defined by G_r(tau)=sum^'_(m=-infty)^inftysum^'_(n=-infty)^infty1/((m+ntau)^r), (1) where the sum sum^(') ...

A theorem sometimes called "Euclid's first theorem" or Euclid's principle states that if p is a prime and p|ab, then p|a or p|b (where | means divides). A corollary is that ...

The series sum_(k=1)^infty1/k (1) is called the harmonic series. It can be shown to diverge using the integral test by comparison with the function 1/x. The divergence, ...

In a 1847 talk to the Académie des Sciences in Paris, Gabriel Lamé (1795-1870) claimed to have proven Fermat's last theorem. However, Joseph Liouville immediately pointed out ...

A wide variety of large numbers crop up in mathematics. Some are contrived, but some actually arise in proofs. Often, it is possible to prove existence theorems by deriving ...

The Lorenz attractor is an attractor that arises in a simplified system of equations describing the two-dimensional flow of fluid of uniform depth H, with an imposed ...

Also called the ménage problem. In how many ways can n married couples be seated around a circular table in such a manner than there is always one man between two women and ...

The orchard-planting problem (also known as the orchard problem or tree-planting problem) asks that n trees be planted so that there will be r(n,k) straight rows with k trees ...

Find the m×n array of single digits which contains the maximum possible number of primes, where allowable primes may lie along any horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line. For ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...