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A cyclic group is a group that can be generated by a single element X (the group generator). Cyclic groups are Abelian. A cyclic group of finite group order n is denoted C_n, ...

Generally speaking, a Green's function is an integral kernel that can be used to solve differential equations from a large number of families including simpler examples such ...

Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000) define the circulant determinant by (1) where omega_j is the nth root of unity. The second-order circulant determinant is |x_1 x_2; x_2 ...

The Kronecker sum is the matrix sum defined by A direct sum B=A tensor I_b+I_a tensor B, (1) where A and B are square matrices of order a and b, respectively, I_n is the ...

An addition-multiplication square is a square of integers that is simultaneously a magic square and multiplication magic square. In 1955, Horner found a square of order eight ...

A C-matrix is a symmetric (C^(T)=C) or antisymmetric (C^(T)=-C) C_n (-1,0,1)-matrix with diagonal elements 0 and others +/-1 that satisfies CC^(T)=(n-1)I, (1) where I is the ...

A Kirkman triple system of order v=6n+3 is a Steiner triple system with parallelism (Ball and Coxeter 1987), i.e., one with the following additional stipulation: the set of ...

The Paley graph of order q with q a prime power is a graph on q nodes with two nodes adjacent if their difference is a square in the finite field GF(q). This graph is ...

An Aztec diamond of order n is the region obtained from four staircase shapes of height n by gluing them together along the straight edges. It can therefore be defined as the ...

The cyclic group C_(11) is unique group of group order 11. An example is the integers modulo 11 under addition (Z_(11)). No modulo multiplication group is isomorphic to ...