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A generalization of Student's t-distribution known as the noncentral Student's t-distribution is given by (1) where Gamma(z) is the gamma function and _1F_1(a;b;z) is a ...

A time series x_1, x_2, ... is nonstationary if, for some m, the joint probability distribution of x_i, x_(i+1), ..., x_(i+m-1) is dependent on the time index i.

Amazingly, the distribution of a difference of two normally distributed variates X and Y with means and variances (mu_x,sigma_x^2) and (mu_y,sigma_y^2), respectively, is ...

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

The distribution of a product of two normally distributed variates X and Y with zero means and variances sigma_x^2 and sigma_y^2 is given by P_(XY)(u) = ...

Betting odds are written in the form r:s ("r to s") and correspond to the probability of winning P=s/(r+s). Therefore, given a probability P, the odds of winning are ...

An outcome is a subset of a probability space. Experimental outcomes are not uniquely determined from the description of an experiment, and must be agreed upon to avoid ...

A Pareto plot is type of plot used in quality control applications that combines a bar chart displaying percentages of categories in the data with a line graph showing ...

The percentage error is 100% times the relative error.

Poisson's theorem gives the estimate (n!)/(k!(n-k)!)p^kq^(n-k)∼e^(-np)((np)^k)/(k!) for the probability of an event occurring k times in n trials with n>>1, p<<1, and np ...