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Given an original knot K, the knots produced by mutations together with K itself are called mutant knots. Mutant knots are often difficult to distinguish. For instance, ...

The "natural exponential function" is the name sometimes given in elementary contexts to the function f(x)=e^x, where e =2.718... is the base of the natural logarithm. While ...

An arrangement of n>=3 points such that n-1 of them are collinear.

The set of nilpotent elements in a commutative ring is an ideal, and it is called the nilradical. Another equivalent description is that it is the intersection of the prime ...

A module M is Noetherian if it obeys the ascending chain condition with respect to inclusion, i.e., if every set of increasing sequences of submodules eventually becomes ...

A ruled surface M is a normal developable of a curve y if M can be parameterized by x(u,v)=y(u)+vN^^(u), where N is the normal vector (Gray 1993, pp. 352-354; first edition ...

A function f(n) has the normal order F(n) if f(n) is approximately F(n) for almost all values of n. More precisely, if (1-epsilon)F(n)<f(n)<(1+epsilon)F(n) for every positive ...

The set of elements g of a group such that g^(-1)Hg=H, is said to be the normalizer N_G(H) with respect to a subset of group elements H. If H is a subgroup of G, N_G(H) is ...

An odd chordless cycle is a chordless cycle of length >4. A graph is said to be perfect iff neither the graph G nor its graph complement G^_ has an odd chordless cycle. A ...

Betting odds are written in the form r:s ("r to s") and correspond to the probability of winning P=s/(r+s). Therefore, given a probability P, the odds of winning are ...