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A hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point P attached to a circle of radius b rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius a, where P is a distance h from the ...

The (general) icosahedron is a 20-faced polyhedron (where icos- derives from the Greek word for "twenty" and -hedron comes from the Indo-European word for "seat"). Examples ...

The icosidodecadodecahedron is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 44 (Maeder 1997), Wenninger index 83 (Wenninger 1989), Coxeter index 56 (Coxeter et al. 1954), and ...

The icositruncated dodecadodecahedron, also called the icosidodecatruncated icosidodecahedron, is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 45 (Maeder 1997), Wenninger index ...

The notion of height is defined for proper ideals in a commutative Noetherian unit ring R. The height of a proper prime ideal P of R is the maximum of the lengths n of the ...

The radical of an ideal a in a ring R is the ideal which is the intersection of all prime ideals containing a. Note that any ideal is contained in a maximal ideal, which is ...

An identity is a mathematical relationship equating one quantity to another (which may initially appear to be different).

The idiosyncratic polynomial is the bivariate graph polynomial defined as the characteristic polynomial in x of A+y(J-I-A), where A is the adjacency matrix, J is the unit ...

If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

Radial line segments whose inward-pointing end produce the illusion of a circle or other figure. The apparent figure has the same color as the background, but appears ...