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The interior product is a dual notion of the wedge product in an exterior algebra LambdaV, where V is a vector space. Given an orthonormal basis {e_i} of V, the forms ...

A metric space X is isometric to a metric space Y if there is a bijection f between X and Y that preserves distances. That is, d(a,b)=d(f(a),f(b)). In the context of ...

A ket |psi> is a vector living in a dual vector space to that containing bras <psi|. Bras and kets are commonly encountered in quantum mechanics. Bras and kets can be ...

A level set in two dimensions. Phase curves are sometimes also known as level curves (Tabor 1989, p. 14).

The line integral of a vector field F(x) on a curve sigma is defined by int_(sigma)F·ds=int_a^bF(sigma(t))·sigma^'(t)dt, (1) where a·b denotes a dot product. In Cartesian ...

A vector field X on a compact foliated manifold (M,F) is nice if X is transverse to F and if X has a closed orbit C (called a nice orbit) such that the intersection C ...

The center of any sphere which has a contact of (at least) first-order with a curve C at a point P lies in the normal plane to C at P. The center of any sphere which has a ...

The term perimeter refers either to the curve constituting the boundary of a lamina or else to the length of this boundary. The perimeter of a circle is called the ...

A positive number k such that a lamina or solid body with moment of inertia about an axis I and mass m is given by I=mk^2. Pickover (1995) defines a generalization of k as a ...

The term rectification is sometimes used to refer to the determination of the length of a curve. Rectification also refers to the operation which converts the midpoints of ...