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A field of extremals is a plane region which is simply connected by a one-parameter family of extremals. The concept was invented by Weierstrass.

A vector field is a section of its tangent bundle, meaning that to every point x in a manifold M, a vector X(x) in T_xM is associated, where T_x is the tangent space.

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be well ordered sets with ordinal numbers alpha and beta. Then alpha<beta iff A is order isomorphic to an initial segment of B (Dauben 1990, p. 199). ...

The notion of parallel transport on a manifold M makes precise the idea of translating a vector field V along a differentiable curve to attain a new vector field V^' which is ...

Chevalley's theorem, also known as the Chevalley-Waring theorem, states that if f is a polynomial in F[x_1,...,x_n], where F is a finite field of field characteristic p, and ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

The set of sums sum_(x)a_xx ranging over a multiplicative group and a_i are elements of a field with all but a finite number of a_i=0. Group rings are graded algebras.

Krasner's lemma states that if K a complete field with valuation v, K^_ is a fixed algebraic closure of K together with the canonical extension of v, and K^_^^ is its ...

The index of a vector field with finitely many zeros on a compact, oriented manifold is the same as the Euler characteristic of the manifold.

A conservative vector field (for which the curl del xF=0) may be assigned a scalar potential where int_CF·ds is a line integral.