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A knot is called prime if, for any decomposition as a connected sum, one of the factors is unknotted (Livingston 1993, pp. 5 and 78). A knot which is not prime is called a ...

The Latin prefix quadri- is used to indicate the number 4, for example, quadrilateral, quadrant, etc. However, it also very commonly used to denote objects involving the ...

A second-order algebraic surface given by the general equation (1) Quadratic surfaces are also called quadrics, and there are 17 standard-form types. A quadratic surface ...

A quartic equation is a fourth-order polynomial equation of the form z^4+a_3z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0. (1) While some authors (Beyer 1987b, p. 34) use the term "biquadratic ...

An algebraic surface of surface order 4. Unlike cubic surfaces, quartic surfaces have not been fully classified. Examples of quartic surfaces include the apple surface, ...

Quasi-Monte Carlo integration is a method of numerical integration that operates in the same way as Monte Carlo integration, but instead uses sequences of quasirandom numbers ...

In 1913, Ramanujan asked if the Diophantine equation of second order 2^n-7=x^2, sometimes called the Ramanujan-Nagell equation, has any solutions other than n=3, 4, 5, 7, and ...

Each row and each column in the group multiplication table lists each of the group elements once and only once. From this, it follows that no two elements may be in the ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

To define a recurring digital invariant of order k, compute the sum of the kth powers of the digits of a number n. If this number n^' is equal to the original number n, then ...