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Every complex matrix can be broken into a Hermitian part A_H=1/2(A+A^(H)) (i.e., A_H is a Hermitian matrix) and an antihermitian part A_(AH)=1/2(A-A^(H)) (i.e., A_(AH) is an ...

The manipulation of Dehn surgery descriptions by a certain set of operations.

The matrix direct sum of n matrices constructs a block diagonal matrix from a set of square matrices, i.e., direct sum _(i=1)^nA_i = diag(A_1,A_2,...,A_n) (1) = [A_1 ; A_2 ; ...

Two matrices A and B are said to be equal iff a_(ij)=b_(ij) (1) for all i,j. Therefore, [1 2; 3 4]=[1 2; 3 4], (2) while [1 2; 3 4]!=[0 2; 3 4]. (3)

The power A^n of a matrix A for n a nonnegative integer is defined as the matrix product of n copies of A, A^n=A...A_()_(n). A matrix to the zeroth power is defined to be the ...

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

The Woodbury formula (A+UV^(T))^(-1)=A^(-1)-[A^(-1)U(I+V^(T)A^(-1)U)^(-1)V^(T)A^(-1)] is a formula that allows a perturbed matrix to be computed for a change to a given ...

The process of taking the complement of a set or truth function. In the latter case, complementation is equivalent to the NOT operation.

A type I Markov move.

A positive-height (outward-pointing) pyramid used in augmentation. The term was introduced by B. Grünbaum.