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Kepler's equation gives the relation between the polar coordinates of a celestial body (such as a planet) and the time elapsed from a given initial point. Kepler's equation ...

A Lucas cube graph of order n is a graph that can be defined based on the n-Fibonacci cube graph by forbidding vertex strings that have a 1 both in the first and last ...

The Meringer graph is one of the four (5,5)-cage graphs, discovered by Meringer (1999) after it had long been thought that only three such cages existed. Like the other ...

A (k,l)-multigrade equation is a Diophantine equation of the form sum_(i=1)^ln_i^j=sum_(i=1)^lm_i^j (1) for j=1, ..., k, where m and n are l-vectors. Multigrade identities ...

There are six Painlevé transcendents, corresponding to second-order ordinary differential equations whose only movable singularities are ordinary poles and which cannot be ...

Assume that n numbered pancakes are stacked, and that a spatula can be used to reverse the order of the top k pancakes for 2<=k<=n. Then the pancake sorting problem asks how ...

The factorization of a number into its constituent primes, also called prime decomposition. Given a positive integer n>=2, the prime factorization is written ...

A knot is called prime if, for any decomposition as a connected sum, one of the factors is unknotted (Livingston 1993, pp. 5 and 78). A knot which is not prime is called a ...

A quartic equation is a fourth-order polynomial equation of the form z^4+a_3z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0. (1) While some authors (Beyer 1987b, p. 34) use the term "biquadratic ...

The Sierpiński gasket graph of order n is the graph obtained from the connectivity of the Sierpiński sieve. The first few Sierpiński gasket graphs are illustrated above. S_2 ...