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The notion of an inverse is used for many types of mathematical constructions. For example, if f:T->S is a function restricted to a domain S and range T in which it is ...

The (lower) irredundance number ir(G) of a graph G is the minimum size of a maximal irredundant set of vertices in G. The upper irredundance number is defined as the maximum ...

Some elements of a group G acting on a space X may fix a point x. These group elements form a subgroup called the isotropy group, defined by G_x={g in G:gx=x}. For example, ...

Let S be a mathematical statement, then the Iverson bracket is defined by [S]={0 if S is false; 1 if S is true, (1) and corresponds to the so-called characteristic function. ...

Jenny's constant is the name given (Munroe 2012) to the positive real constant defined by J = (7^(e-1/e)-9)pi^2 (1) = 867.53090198... (2) (OEIS A182369), the first few digits ...

The jinc function is defined as jinc(x)=(J_1(x))/x, (1) where J_1(x) is a Bessel function of the first kind, and satisfies lim_(x->0)jinc(x)=1/2. The derivative of the jinc ...

Let M be a bounded set in the plane, i.e., M is contained entirely within a rectangle. The outer Jordan measure of M is the greatest lower bound of the areas of the coverings ...

If mu is a real measure (i.e., a measure that takes on real values), then one can decompose it according to where it is positive and negative. The positive variation is ...

The expected number of real zeros E_n of a random polynomial of degree n if the coefficients are independent and distributed normally is given by E_n = ...

Consider an n-digit number k. Square it and add the right n digits to the left n or n-1 digits. If the resultant sum is k, then k is called a Kaprekar number. For example, 9 ...