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A square matrix U is a special unitary matrix if UU^*=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix and U^* is the conjugate transpose matrix, and the determinant is detU=1. (2) The ...

A species of structures is a rule F which 1. Produces, for each finite set U, a finite set F[U], 2. Produces, for each bijection sigma:U->V, a function F[sigma]:F[U]->F[V]. ...

The natural norm induced by the L2-norm. Let A^(H) be the conjugate transpose of the square matrix A, so that (a_(ij))^(H)=(a^__(ji)), then the spectral norm is defined as ...

Define the notation [n]f_0=f_(-(n-1)/2)+...+f_0+...+f_((n-1)/2) (1) and let delta be the central difference, so delta^2f_0=f_1-2f_0+f_(-1). (2) Spencer's 21-term moving ...

Dissect a triangle into smaller triangles, such that all have full edge contact with their neighbors. Label the corners 1, 2, and 3. Label all vertices with 1, 2, or 3, with ...

A spheric section is the curve formed by the intersection of a plane with a sphere. Excluding the degenerate cases of the plane tangent to the sphere or the plane not ...

The spherical Bessel function of the second kind, denoted y_nu(z) or n_nu(z), is defined by y_nu(z)=sqrt(pi/(2z))Y_(nu+1/2)(z), (1) where Y_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the ...

The surface of revolution obtained by cutting a conical "wedge" with vertex at the center of a sphere out of the sphere. It is therefore a cone plus a spherical cap, and is a ...

X is a spherical t-design in E iff it is possible to exactly determine the average value on E of any polynomial f of degree at most t by sampling f at the points of X. In ...

The spherical distance between two points P and Q on a sphere is the distance of the shortest path along the surface of the sphere (paths that cut through the interior of the ...