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The complex numbers are the field C of numbers of the form x+iy, where x and y are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit equal to the square root of -1, sqrt(-1). When a ...

If two numbers b and c have the property that their difference b-c is integrally divisible by a number m (i.e., (b-c)/m is an integer), then b and c are said to be "congruent ...

A connected graph is graph that is connected in the sense of a topological space, i.e., there is a path from any point to any other point in the graph. A graph that is not ...

A convex polyomino (sometimes called a "convex polygon") is a polyomino whose perimeter is equal to that of its minimal bounding box (Bousquet-Mélou et al. 1999). ...

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

If a, b, c, and d are points in the extended complex plane C^*, their cross ratio, also called the cross-ratio (Courant and Robbins 1996, p. 172; Durell 1928, p. 73), ...

There are a number of attractive polyhedron compounds consisting of five cubes. The first of these (left figures) consists of the arrangement of five cubes in the polyhedron ...

Let A be an edge cut of a connected graph G. Then the cyclic edge connectivity lambda_c(G) is the size of a smallest cyclic edge cut, i.e., a smallest edge cut A such that ...

The deltoidal hexecontahedral graph is an Archimedean dual graph which is the skeleton of the deltoidal hexecontahedron as well as the rhombic hexecontahedron. It is ...

A derangement is a permutation in which none of the objects appear in their "natural" (i.e., ordered) place. For example, the only derangements of {1,2,3} are {2,3,1} and ...