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Let |A| denote the cardinal number of set A, then it follows immediately that |A union B|=|A|+|B|-|A intersection B|, (1) where union denotes union, and intersection denotes ...

A regularly spaced array of points in a square array, i.e., points with coordinates (m,n,...), where m, n, ... are integers. Such an array is often called a grid or mesh, and ...

The proof theories of propositional calculus and first-order logic are often referred to as classical logic. Intuitionistic propositional logic can be described as classical ...

The inverse cosine is the multivalued function cos^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 465), also denoted arccosz (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 79; Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 307; ...

The Jacobsthal numbers are the numbers obtained by the U_ns in the Lucas sequence with P=1 and Q=-2, corresponding to a=2 and b=-1. They and the Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers (the ...

A closed two-form omega on a complex manifold M which is also the negative imaginary part of a Hermitian metric h=g-iomega is called a Kähler form. In this case, M is called ...

What space-filling arrangement of similar cells of equal volume has minimal surface area? This questions arises naturally in the theory of foams when the liquid content is ...

In a boarding school there are fifteen schoolgirls who always take their daily walks in rows of threes. How can it be arranged so that each schoolgirl walks in the same row ...

Kobon Fujimura asked for the largest number N(n) of nonoverlapping triangles that can be constructed using n lines (Gardner 1983, p. 170). A Kobon triangle is therefore ...

Kurtosis is defined as a normalized form of the fourth central moment mu_4 of a distribution. There are several flavors of kurtosis, the most commonly encountered variety of ...